Acute DIARRHEA

 Acute Diarrhea

Diarrhea

1.    Inflammatory or bloody diarrhea:

Inflammatory diarrhea suggests the involvement of the large intestine by invasive bacteria or parasites or toxins. Clinically patient presents with frequent bloody, small-volume stools, often associated with fever, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, and fecal urgency.

Food poisoning:  The disease caused by toxins present in taking food is called food poisoning.

Causes:

a.   In a short incubation period (1-6 hours), the toxin is present in the contaminated food. The major complaint is vomit and fever can be absent. The toxin can be present in the food.

b-    In a longer incubation period (6-16 hours) the germ (clostridium perfringens) can be detected in the food through Lab reports. Vomiting is less but abdominal cramps due to intestinal spasms are frequent. Fever can be absent.

Causes of  Inflammatory or bloody diarrhea
Viral	Bacterial	Protozoa	Enterotoxin
-Rotavirus -Norwalk virus	-clostridium perfringens -Bacillus cereus -S. aureus	-Giardia -Cryptosporidium	-Enterotoxigenic -E. coli -Vibrio cholerae

Division as the severity of disease
Mild Diarrhea	Moderate Diarrhea	Severe Diarrhea
Two or three loose stools per day with cramps in some cases.	Three or four stools per day with dehydration and fever.	Five or more stool, fatty stool with symptoms of mild fever and severe dehydration.

2.    Non- Inflammatory  diarrhea:

This type of diarrhea is commonly a milder disease characteristic of the virus. The disease affects the small intestine, and water and salt are imbalanced. Severe dehydration with vomiting and abdominal cramps is the major complaints. Fever can be also absent.

Causes of Non Inflammatory diarrhea
Viral	Bacterial	Protozoa	Enterotoxin
-Cytomegalovirus	-          -Cytotoxin Production -          - shigella -          -salmonella -          -campylobacter -          -yersinia -          -chlamydia -          -N. gonorrhea -          - Listeria monocytogenes	-Entameba histolytic	-

 

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